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類器官研究平臺

類器官研究平臺

  類器官(organoid)是將具有干性的細(xì)胞進(jìn)行三維培養(yǎng)形成的與其來源組織在結(jié)構(gòu)和功能上高度相似的微型組織,具有自我組織和自我更新的能力。根據(jù)其來源細(xì)胞的不同,類器官可分為正常成體干細(xì)胞來源(adult stem cells, AdSCs)類器官、多能干細(xì)胞(pluripotent stem cells, PSCs)來源類器官以及腫瘤類器官。 

  作為一種新型的研究模型,類器官既可以在體外傳代培養(yǎng),又能夠維持其來源組織的異質(zhì)性和空間特征,在疾病建模和個體化精準(zhǔn)治療中發(fā)揮著重要的作用。

  目前,該平臺已建立了多種臨床腫瘤組織來源的類器官培養(yǎng)體系以及正常組織來源的類器官培養(yǎng)體系,包括尿路上皮癌類器官培養(yǎng)體系及正常尿路上皮類器官培養(yǎng)體系、肺腺癌類器官培養(yǎng)體系及正常肺類器官培養(yǎng)體系、腎癌類器官培養(yǎng)體系及正常腎類器官培養(yǎng)體系、結(jié)直腸癌類器官培養(yǎng)體系、甲狀腺癌類器官培養(yǎng)體系、鼻咽癌類器官培養(yǎng)體系等。

  建立的腫瘤類器官經(jīng)多組學(xué)鑒定后,建庫凍存。作為腫瘤病人體外的“替身”,腫瘤類器官可以預(yù)測病人對抗腫瘤藥物的反應(yīng),為臨床個體化治療提供實驗及理論依據(jù)。聯(lián)合單細(xì)胞測序技術(shù)及基因編輯技術(shù)可以探究腫瘤發(fā)生發(fā)展以及耐藥的分子機(jī)制。



圖1. 類器官模型的應(yīng)用。


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